Specific advancement in the arts and technology Essay

Specific advancement in the arts and technology - Essay Example This thesis discusses the Digital Photography, a breakthrough technology of over three decades ago, as a specific advancement in the arts and technology. The thesis statement is â€Å"The advent of digital photography has revolutionized the field of arts because it has accelerated and simplified the technology of photography by drastically decreasing the time and expenses associated to take photographs, offering advanced tools of processing and enabling persons with little training and no experience to create beautiful photographs†. Bellis (2011a) has summarized the background of the time period leading to the invention of digital photography. Though the basic principles of optics and camera were known to Chinese and Greek philosophers as early as during the 5th-4th centuries B.C., the discovery that white light was composed of seven different colors was made only in the 17th century by Issac Newton. In 1727, Johann Heinrich Schulze found out that sunlight acted upon silver nitrate to produce dark metallic silver. In 1814, Joseph Niepce obtained the first ever photographic image with camera obscura. Louis Daguerre developed a convenient and effective method of photography in 1837 called daguerreotype, which he introduced to the public in 1839 at Paris (Bellis,2011b). In 1841,William Henry Talbot invented the negative-positive photo making process capable of producing multiple copies. Frederick Scott Archer developed the Collodion process in 1851 requiring only a few seconds light exposure. In 1871 Richard Leach Maddox developed the gelatin dry plate silver bromide process. In 1884 George Eastman invented flexible paper-based photographic film and in 1888 he patented the Kodak roll-film camera. In 1898 Reverend Hannibal Goodwin patented the celluloid photographic film. The first commercially mass produced camera named Brownie was marketed in 1900. In 1913-14 the first 35mm still camera was developed which was followed by the

Sainsbury's the Supermarket Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Sainsbury's the Supermarket - Essay Example The business began as a family owned venture, but later changed ownership in 2011 to include shareholders such as Qatar investment Authority who are currently the majority shareholders for this supermarket chain. Despite the challenge they experienced by Tesco who beat them to be the market leader in 1995 and demotion by Asda to be in the third place in 2003, the store rose again to be second largest supermarket in 2013 thrashing Asda. With this, this essay will develop the supermarket’s profile within its target market using the demographic, behavioral, psychographic, and geographic factors. Further, the essay will delve into a well-researched PEST analysis with emphasis on the relevant variables that would have an impact on the Sainsbury chain of supermarkets. Lastly, the essay will give recommendations to the store’s marketing mix based on the PEST results in tandem with the needs and wants of its target market with the aim of increasing its competitive advantage. Sainsbury Supermarkets is one of the established by J Sainsbury Plc and it is the third largest significant supermarket chain in Britain because of its 16.3 share presence in the market. The majority shares belong to the royal family of Qatar who hold up to twenty six percent of the overall shares in the supermarket chain. Presently, the supermarket store has a listing on the stock market in London and is a part of the FTSE 100 Index 1. Businesses operated by Sainsbury The parent Company J Sainsbury plc operates five hundred and eighty three supermarket stores, five hundred and twenty three convenience stores, and the Sainsbury bank entities. Employees As per the standing data, Sainsbury offers employment to at least one hundred and fifty seven thousand people as of the 2013 obtained data. Geographical area of operation The supermarket stores mainly has establishments in the United Kingdom meaning that it does not have stores in other nations. Sainsbury revenue: The annual profit recorded by the company in 2013 stood at 788,000,000 Pounds pre tax and the total sales excluding VAT was at 25,632 pounds. Basic annual share earnings for Sainsbury supermarkets The full ye ar dividend per share earnings for 2013 was at 16.7 per share making the basic share earnings to be at 30.7p. Management team The stores head or Chairman is Mr. Tyler David while the Chief Executive Officer is Mr. King Justin 2. Mr. Rogers John is the acting Chief Financial Officer for the supermarkets where the three operate from the head office in London. Location of the Sainsbury head office The physical location of J Sainsbury Plc is at 33 Holborn in London at ECIN 2HT. Environmental impact assessment Ideally, Sainsbury impacts the environment through the energy usage at their facilities, food packaging wastes, and through the transport and distribution aspects of the company. The carbon footprint by the supermarkets amounts to 60% with the contribution being by the lighting, refrigeration, and lighting systems used by the store. Environmental compliance The supermarket conforms to the ideal requirements and practices making eighteen of its deposits to receive ISO 14001 certific ation. Customer basis for Sainsbury On a weekly basis, Sainsbury supermarket serves at least eighteen million customers in which the store also operates an online shopping store and delivery service. The

Human Resource Management Essay Example for Free

Human Resource Management Essay 1)Given Bandag Auto’s size, and anything else you know about it, explain why and how the human resource management function should be reorganized. Because of the lack of any kind of plan or strategy for the company, having a functioning human resource management in place is vital. First of all management formulates a strategic plan. The strategic plan implies certain workforce requirements. Given these workforce requirements, human resource management formulates HR strategies to produce the desired workforce skills, competencies, and behaviors. Finally the human resource manager identifies the measure he or she can use to gauge the extent to which it’s new policies and practices are actually producing the required employee skills and behavior. There should be a strategy map in place which shows the big picture of how each department’s performance contributes to the company’s overall strategic goals. The HR score card is used by many employers to quantify and computerize the maps activities. The score card refers to a process for assigning financial and nonfinancial goals or metries to the human resource management-related chain of activities required for achieving the company’s strategic aims and for monitoring results. The computerized scorecard process helps to quantify the relationships between the HR activities, the resulting employee behaviors and the resulting firm-wide strategic outcomes and performance. All of this presents the manager with a digital dash board which are computerized graphs and charts of where the company stands on all the metries from the HR scorecard. 2)Recommend what Bandag should change and/or improve upon regarding the current HR systems, forms, and practices the company now uses. They should put their HR system under one management source in order to acheire a desired workforce. This would be achieved by having (a) set policies and practices Human resources policies are vital to any organization because they provide structure for the human resources department and guidelines for employment activities. Without human resources policies, it would be extremely difficult to justify employment or business decisions. Human resources leadership is initially responsible for creating the policies. Human resources practices are the method used to conduct any type of employment action. The human resources department develops the introduction to the set of policies and guidelines and explains the importance of the policies. Policies about performance appraisals, fair employment practices, appearance and behavior are just a few of the several policies contained in an employee handbook.The handbook is distributed to new employees on the first day of work and is typically discussed during informal or formal orientation sessions. Employers expect employees to fully understand the policies; a signed form to acknowledge the employee has received and understands the employment policies is contained in the employees personnel file. Without the support of its executive leadership team to which the human resources director should belong the human resources policies will either fail or the workforce will be resentful of the human resources department as a whole. Without policies, an employee has no way of knowing whats expected of her. Without policies, whenever a manager needs to correct the employees behavior or performance, neither the manager nor the employee have any guidelines to follow. This makes it extremely difficult to conduct any type of manager-employee discussion. In short, the lack of human resources policies weakens the employer-employee relationship which can prevent your business from being successful.(b) recruiting and screening Recruitment refers to the process of attracting, screening, and selecting qualified people for a job. For some components of the recruitment process, mid- and large-size organizations often retain professional recruiters or outsource some of the process to recruitment agencies. The recruitment industry has four main types of agencies: employment agencies, recruitment websites and job search engines, headhunters for executive and professional recruitment, and niche agencies which specialize in a particular area of staffing. Some organizations use employer branding strategy and in-house recruitment instead of agencies. Recruitment-related functions are generally carried out by an organizations human resources staff.The stages in recruitment include sourcing candidates by advertising or other methods, screening potential candidates using tests and/or interviews, selecting candidates based the the results of the tests and/or interviews, and on-boarding to ensure the candidate is able to fulfill their new role effectively.. One meaning of screening is the investigation of a great number of something (for instance, people) looking for those with a particular problem or feature. ( c) benefit plans and payroll,There were three plan features I thought were going to become increasingly more prevalent in the future: individually managed accounts, distribution planning help, and greater integration of payroll and 401(k) administration. and (d) application forms and performance evaluation forms. This would eliminate all the different channels that everything goes through and make it much simpler and easir to keep a handle on .Because every =thing would one consistent source. 3)Jim fired an employee for creating what the manager called a poisonous relationship. Explain whether or not the employee has a legitimate claim against the company and the actions the company should take. The employee could have a legitimate claim because on his performance appraisal it was said that he did the technical aspects of his job well. Even though it was said he had serious problems interacting with his coworkers his boss admitted hearing rumors that he might have some mental issues. So under the new ADA laws he could possibly have a claim against the company due to mental disability. The actions the company should take from my view would be to have in place a working HR system to be able to handle this type of situation. Then there would be no guess work into how to proceed. My thoughts are that they may well have to take this employee back and attempt to make reasonable accommodations for him if possible in accordance with the new ADA guidelines or risk possibly being sued. 4) Miriam, the controller, is basically claiming that the company is retaliating against her for being pregnant, and that the fact that the company raised performance issues was just a smokescreen. Explain whether or not the EEOC and/or courts would agree with her and the actions the company should take now. I think that EEOC and \or courts might agree with her because the company had no problems with her for the 6 years previously. The issues the company rasied especially in regard to her monthly budgets being late and possibly being forged should have shown up in her performance appraisal and dealt with before now .The actions the company should take now is to have a viable HR syatem in place to be able to avoid such situations like this from happening in the first place. Because they would have known all the specific facts of the Pregancy Discrimination Act of 1978 and been better able to remedy the situation possible without a lawsuit. 5)An employee who is deaf has asked to switch jobs to be a delivery person and he was turned down. He is now threatening to sue. Recommend what the company should do and describe why. The company should allow the employee to switch because under the American Disabilities Act it prohibits employment discrimination against Qualified disabled individuals. It prohibits employers with 15 or more workers from discriminating against qualified individuals with disabilities with regard to applications, hiring, discharge, compensation, advancement, training, or other terms, conditions, or privileges of employment. It also says employers must make reasonable accommodations for physical or mental limitations unless doing so imposes an undue hardship on the qualifying job skill he should be able to switch and given reasonable accommodation in the form of modified work schedules, acquiring equipment or other devices to assist Kim.

History of Coca-Cola Essay Example for Free

History of Coca-Cola Essay Coca-Cola is a carbonated soft drink sold in stores, restaurants, and vending machines internationally. The Coca-Cola Company claims that the beverage is sold in more than 200 countries. [l] It is produced by The Coca-Cola Company in Atlanta, Georgia, and is often referred to simply as Coke (a registered trademark of The Coca- Cola Company in the United States since March 27, 1944). Originally intended as a patent medicine when it was invented in the late 19th century by John Pemberton, Coca-Cola was bought out by businessman Asa Griggs Candler, whose marketing tactics led Coke to its dominance of the world soft-drink market throughout the 20th century. The company produces concentrate, which is then sold to licensed Coca-Cola bottlers throughout the world. The bottlers, who hold territorially exclusive contracts with the company, produce finished product in cans and bottles from the concentrate in combination with filtered water and sweeteners. The bottlers then sell, distribute and erchandise Coca-Cola to retail stores and vending machines. Such bottlers include Coca-Cola Enterprises, which is the largest single Coca-Cola bottler in North America and western Europe. The Coca-Cola Company also sells concentrate for soda fountains to major restaurants and food service distributors. The Coca-Cola Company has, on occasion, introduced other cola drinks under the Coke brand name. The most common of these is Diet Coke, with others including Caffeine-Free Coca-Cola, Diet Coke Caffeine-Free, Coca-Cola Cherry, Coca-Cola Zero, Coca-Cola Vanilla, and special editions with lemon, lime or coffee. In response to consumer insistence on a more natural product, the company is in the process of phasing out E211, or sodium benzoate, the controversial additive used in Diet Coke and linked to DNA damage in yeast cells and hyperactivity in children. The company has stated that it plans to remove E211 from its other products, including Sprite and Oasis, as soon as a satisfactory alternative is found

Association Between Excess Iron and Type 2 Diabetes

Association Between Excess Iron and Type 2 Diabetes Diabetes is a lifelong and costly metabolic disease that could lead to several life threatening complications, such as diabetic nephropathy and cardiovascular disease (CVS). Therefore, a better understanding of its pathophysiology and identifying the possible mechanisms underlying this disease could be helpful in preventing its occurrence and complications. Obesity is found to be the major risk factor that derives type 2 diabetes (T2D). Recently several studies has demonstrated that there are other risk factors that participate in developing T2D such as iron accumulation in the liver. Studies showed that high levels of iron are associated with oxidative stress. Iron is considered a strong pro-oxidant through the production of hydroxyl radicals, powerful oxidant species. In addition, iron overload is found to be associated with lipid accumulation in the liver cells (steatosis) which leads to insulin resistance. Fatty liver, oxidative stress, obesity and other factors are considered tr iggering factors that increase the risk of developing T2D. Therefore, iron might be involved in diabetes pathophysiology. It is also anticipated to be a risk factor for developing insulin resistance and other diabetic complications. It is also important to investigate whether high iron levels could increase the risk of diabetes or having diabetes will elevate iron levels. Background Introduction Diet and lifestyle play a major role in prevention of type 2 diabetes (T2D)[2]. Macronutrients, such as carbohydrates and fat should be restricted to decrease the chance of developing T2D. However, the impact of micronutrients on the reduction of the incident of T2D is not well established [2, 3]. Several studies suggested that some micronutrients, such as calcium, magnesium, chromium and iron could cause insulin resistance and diabetes [2]. Iron is considered as an essential nutrient for humans as it is the major component of oxygen transporters in the body, and it is has a metabolic function as a cofactor for several enzymes. However, excess amount of iron is found to be harmful to the body by altering glucose metabolism and the production of reactive oxygen species that play a role in the generation of additional reactive oxidants, such as hydroxyl radicals in which iron salt plays a catalytic role in a reaction. This reaction is known as a metal catalysed Haber-Weiss reaction [4, 5]. Pancreatic islets are found to be more susceptible to oxidative stress as their defence against oxidants is weak. Mouse model with high levels of iron and oxidative stress mediates apoptosis of pancreatic islets with a subsequent decrease in insulin secretory capacity [5, 6]. Previous studies on animals showed an increase in diabetes incidence after parenteral administration of iron. Evidence on the role of iron in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus was first discovered in patients with classic hereditary hemochromatosis (HH). This hereditary disorder is characterised by a progressive accumulation of iron in the heart, liver, pancreas, and other parts of the body. The frequency of diabetes was found to be increased in those patients [5]. Other studies suggested that phlebotomy or iron chelation therapy will decrease iron level and thus improve insulin sensitivity in diabetic patients [7]. Other studies on thalassemic patients showed an increase in insulin resistance[5]. Although the exact mechanism on the participation of iron in the onset of diabetes is not exactly known, however, iron overload found to be associated with hepatic dysfunction, insulin deficiency and insulin resistance.[5] Previous evidence confirms the association between iron overload and insulin resistance. However, further investigation is warranted to prove the relationship between the accumulation of iron and the progression to type 2 diabetes mellitus. Recently, correlation between hepatic iron overload with chronic liver disease such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) have been considered. Like glucose, iron level is regulated by a mechanism similar to that for glucose. It is regulated by a hepatic peptide hormone called herpcidin. High levels of iron stimulate the synthesis of herpcidin, which in turn decreases the iron exporter ferroportin in macrophages and intestinal cells and thus reduce serum iron. High consumption of food that contains iron and glucose will also increase the risk of hyperglycaemia and iron overload. Males are at higher risk to develop iron overloading than females, because females lose iron from blood during menstrual cycle.[8] Kowdley et al, investigated the role of serum ferretin levels and the accumulation of iron in NAFLD [9]. An increase in ferretin levels is associated with greater accumulation of iron in hepatic cells, but even in patients without iron overload, ferretin was associated with advance stages of NAFLD. This concludes that iron overload is unrelated to advanced stages of NAFLD characterised by systemic inflammation. This study gives a contradictory role of iron overload in patients with NAFLD.[8] Insulin-resistance is found to be related to hepatic iron-overload syndrome. Typically, in NAFLD, the iron accumulation is mild and involves hepatocytes and sinusoidal Kupffer cells. Nevertheless, iron reduction treatment was found to be beneficial in the treatment of NAFLD disease activity as well as increase in insulin sensitivity.[10] Iron overload has also been found to be associated with diabetic complications, such as diabetic nephropathy and cardiovascular disease [5]. Animal studies showed an increase in the amount of iron in the kidneys. An increase in urinary iron was also found in patients with diabetic nephropathy [5]. In patients with CVD, high iron levels are associated with several complications such as myocardial infarction (MI) [5]. Diabetes is found to be associated with more than one risk factor including iron overload, fatty liver and obesity. More research is warranted to investigate the correlation between elevated iron levels and the incidence of T2D. Obesity is another detrimental factor that is found to be prevalent in diabetic patients. It is considered a major cause of inflammation, which may be responsible for developing insulin resistance leading to diabetes. High levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) have been reported in obese patients [11].Therefore, our study will also investigate the relationship between obesity, T2D and iron levels. Aims and objectives Because iron overload is found to affect major tissues involved in glucose and lipid metabolism (pancreatic B cells, liver, and adipose tissue)[12]. Iron overload is found to be related to several metabolic chronic disease, such as T2D, obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver and other complications [12]. Our aim of the study is to investigate the association between excess iron in the body and T2D. This study also aims to elucidate how iron levels and T2D are related to obesity. Plan of investigation A cross-sectional observational study will be carried out. It will include a group of 180 participants. The study population will be categorized into four groups consisting of Group 1: Healthy individuals (controls); Group 2: Obese healthy individuals; Group 3: Normal weight diabetic patients; Group 4: Obese diabetic patients [13]. The inclusion criteria are patients aged between 40 and 70 years with a male to female ratio of 140:40; only postmenopausal women will be included to reduce possible confounding by iron deficiency. The exclusion criteria are any history of uncontrolled hypertension, cardiac, pulmonary, and neurological complications. Participants having recent infectious, inflammatory or neoplastic conditions; or with laboratory evidence of inflammation (C-reactive protein >0.5 mg/dl or white blood cell count >11,000/uL, platelet count >400,000/uL), and individuals who is anaemic will be excluded [13]. Heavy smokers and alcoholics will also be refused enrolment. Methods and materials General measurements: On the first day, every participant will be allocated to the appropriate group after conducting diferent measurements. Body mass index (BMI) will be measured for each patient by dividing their weight (in kilograms) by height (in meters) squared. Any participant with a BMI> 30 is considered to be obese. Then, the blood pressure will be taken by a standard sphygmomanometer for each patient while they are on a supine position. Patients will be asked to avoid drinking alcohol and caffeine 12 hours before the measurements.[14] Then each participant will be asked to fill in a 50-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to assess their iron consumption.[2] Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) will be used to measure blood glucose levels for participants then results will be recorded. Before OGTT they will be asked not to eat, or drink for up to 8-12 hours. Participants will have to ingest 75 g glucose in 250-300 ml water over five minutes. Then the blood samples will be taken after 2 hrs of glucose ingestion. (Normal value less than 140 mg/dL) [15]. Iron overload will be measured by ferritin blood test; overnight blood samples will be obtained. Ferritin can be measured in serum using serum separator tubes (SST), or plasma using lithium heparin or EDTA tubes. Centrifugation and separation within 24 h of sample collection is required and ferritin is stable for 7 days at 2-8Â °C. The samples must be centrifuged to remove precipitates and fibrin [16]. Statistical methods: Statistical analyses will be performed utilising Minitab software. Descriptive statistics will be performed for each group. The mode of distribution for continuous variables will be detected according to Anderson darling test. Serum ferritin values for each group will be compared with the control group and the significant difference will be determined by Student t-test or Mann Whitney test according to the mode of distribution. A p-value lower than 0.05 will be considered significant. By comparing ferritin levels of the control group with the obese nondiabetic group, we will determine if there is a significant relationship between obesity and iron levels. On the other hand the relationship between iron levels and diabetes will be determined by comparing the group of diabetic healthy weight with the control group. We could also determine the role of obesity in T2D. The association between the serum ferritin levels, BMI and blood glucose levels will be determined by Spearman’s r ank correlation test. Higher correlation is demonstrated with Rho values close to 1. The 50-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) filled in by each group of participants will be analysed trough Minitab software. This will help to evaluate the association between dietary intake of iron and the risk of T2D. Fund should be allocated to purchase tools and materials to successfully conduct this project. Tools of measuring glucose level are essential during different phases of this project. These tools will estimate blood glucose levels and provide data that will enrich analysis. Serum separator is essential to estimate iron levels necessary to conduct analysis and find correlation with blood glucose level. Estimation of iron and blood glucose and their correlation is advantageous for participants. The results of this project will reflect on their diet specifications by either increasing or decreasing iron content. This project will provide insights to how much iron should be minimally consumed to reduce the incidence of diabetes. Also, many recommendations for obesity will be flagged up in this project to reduce the incidence of diabetes and raise awareness toward diabetes and its complications. This study also requires the participation of a part-time technical assistant in distributing the questionnaire, collection of data and feedback. An experienced researcher is required to guide me in the experimental part of the study as he has a broad expertise and knowledge in practical issues. Given the large sample size taken in this project, support needs to be offered by researchers and technical assistants to collect blood samples and conduct the required tests to meet the pre-determined objectives in a timely fashion The use of participants in the study helps to make a difference in care for future diabetic patients by providing information about the risk factors that will derive the disease, with the possible interventions. It will also benefit the participant themselves by gaining knowledge about the different dimensions of diabetes and through helping them to improve their quality of life by changing their lifestyle and diet modification. Of note, this study will not cause any harm for participant.

Do Correctional Officers Abuse Their Authority?

Do Correctional Officers Abuse Their Authority? Correction officers hold considerable power and authority within the corrections system. They are in charge of maintaining discipline and order within the facility at which they work. Many people view correction officers as the cause of violence within the prisons and jail. Others view correction officers as those who are professional, ethical, and hold good moral standards. I purpose a questionnaire consisting of yes, no, and no reply answer choices will help in determining the cause of violence, part of the dark figure of crime, and what percentage of correction officers actually follow by the rules and regulations. Correctional Officers: Do They Abuse Their Authority or Provide Equal Treatment Are correctional officers abusing their powers and authority by mistreating inmates or could they be justice providers and treat the inmates ethically and fair? Many people are lead to believe that inmates are being treated inhumanely by force or coercion into negative living environment and are being treated unethically by the officers who judge them according to the crime they have committed, or by their associations within the facility. Others view correctional officers as the cause of an offender to relapse or to become repeat offenders. The objective of this research is to determine if the treatment correction officers give inmates affect the crime rate in the facility, to determine if inmates are mistreated, to determine if officers allow one another to mistreat inmates, abuse their authority, and to show that this study can contribute to the general understanding of crime or policy responses to crime. The purpose of this research is to determine if correctional officers violate inmates in any way. The purpose is also to determine why violence is still occurring in prisons after the prisoners have been convicted of a crime and given their sentences. This research study will also show how the correction officer job is turning into a multitasked profession. Not only is this research going to be used to show how correctional officers are treating the inmates, but it will also show whether or not more violence is occurring by the inmates towards other inmates or whether or not correctional officers have something to do with the violence occurring within the facility. Literature Review There have been previous studies on correctional officers concerning the abuse of authority. There have been experiments conducted such as the Stanford prison experiment which discovered that correctional officers do feel as if they have more power and can treat the inmates however they feel like. One point of view that one could perceive from the Stanford prison experiment is that ordinary people change once they are put into a situation where they think that they can dominate (Zimbardo, 1999-2009). The impact of social forces has an effect on the behavior and the way a person reacts to the situation (Clements, 1999). The results of that experiment strongly indicated that in certain situations, behavior applies itself which causes the person to act accordingly to the situation. In another study, by Wolff, Shi and Siegel (2009), research concluded that people within the prison system have above-average rates of victimization during both childhood and adulthood. The correctional settings are known for the violence between inmates and staff. The research found evidence showing the rates of victimization being higher in a prison setting then that in a community setting. In a study that examined the characteristics of an officer and the investigations of the use of force, there were conclusions made that there is excessive use of force going on in the correctional facilities. McElvain and Kposowa (2004) acknowledged that departmental experience was the strongest predictor of investigations for alleged use of force. While race had no effect, gender did. Males were more likely to be investigated for the use of force than females. Also, younger officers were more likely to be investigated than older officers. There has always been a history of prison violence and correctional officers abusing the authority. According to Gross (2008), history is replete with incidents of seemingly decent people committing horrendous acts of violence in what they believe to be the pursuit or defense of justice and right. Gross (2008) discussed experiments such as the Stanford Prison Experiment and the BBC Prison Study. Apart of his discussion concluded that both prison studies demonstrated that under some circumstances, some individuals resist going-with-the-flow of group-associated brutality. Gross (2008) also went on to say that if a person with authority over a group of individuals varies in their zero-tolerance stance towards brutality, then brutality may emerge anywhere. There have been numerous studies on correctional officers and brutality including experiments and questionnaires. Butterfield (2004) talks about physical and sexual abuse of prisoners, similar to what has been uncovered in Iraq, takes place in American prisons with little public knowledge or concern, according to corrections officials, inmates and human rights advocates. Discussion The Profession Under the job description for a correction officer, one might find that their duties include being able to guard the prisons in accordance with the set forth policies, procedures, codes, and regulations. The officers responsibilities include watching and protecting the inmates from harm, escape, and contraband, as well as fights that break out amongst the inmates. Officers are allowed to search any inmate that they feel is a threat, as well as directing the inmates to where or what they need to go and do in order to maintain discipline. Correction officers career can get challenging due to the verbal and psychological abuse that they experience. Within the line of their duties, there are several situations that officers can be put in that can have an influence on the officers judgments and actions. Correctional officers have no law enforcement rights outside of the prison. Not being able to enforce the law outside of the prison could lead to correctional officers to want to be more harsh within the area that they are allowed to enforce the law and have authority(McElvain Kposowa, 2004). History The history of corrections, guards, and officer dates back to the 12th Century under King Henry II when he began a structured court system for handling all criminal charges. During the Ancient and Medieval Era, correctional objectives were more about retribution and retaliation rather then incarceration and proportionate sentences. By the mid 1700s, practices were becoming violent and bloody being completely out of proportion with the seriousness of the offense. John Howard, a well known prison reformer began the era of establishing efficient means of penal treatment and crime prevention. (Henry II of England, 2008) According to Villanueva (2007), many of the early 1600s correctional methods were based upon the English law and practices. The roots of this system began during the colonial times in the original thirteen colonies. The jails were used for the people who were awaiting trial or who could not pay their fees and fines. Corporal punishment was designed to be viewed by the public as a form of deterrence. During the late 1700s to the early-mid 1800s, the penitentiary was designed and developed. The Pennsylvania System and the New York Auburn System were two of the most influential penitentiaries to the corrections system. These two systems were designed during a time of land and population growth. Near the beginning of the 1900s, probation and parole became a broad aspect of corrections. Juvenile courts were established and the court system took an individual case approach. Throughout the rest of the 1900s until todays present time, corrections took on the perspectives of providing medical services, community service, and crime prevention and control (Villanueva, 2007). Corruption in Corrections Corruption in the corrections system can and has lead to the dark figure of crime. There are instances where correction officers allow things to go on that they know is against policy, rules, and regulations. Correction officers know that no matter what goes on within the prisons when dealing with the inmates, they have the upper hand. The officers can force the inmates or other faculty members into doing something or letting something go by without saying anything, even though it is illegal from different perspectives. Younger officers should feel the need to follow the rules more closely than the officers that are older with more experience. The young officers characteristics should be more ethical than those of older officers who knows how the operation of the system, however all correctional officers should hold high ethical and moral standards. The work environment for correction officers is a very challenging and hazardous place. Correction Officers have one of the highest rates of non-fatal on-the-job injuries. Many of these injuries occur during confrontations with the inmates. The newer facilities are well ventilated, temperature controlled, and well lighted while other facilities are older with little to no ventilation, no temperature controls, and the lighting is poor. In environments like these, working under stress and pressure would be increased because the nature of the job (Bureau of Labor, 2009). Correctional facilities are known to have an affect on the inmates as well as the staff physically and psychologically. Past experiences of victimization could be relevant causes for adult criminal activity. It would be prevalent to recognize and identify this phenomenon. Suggested Quality Research In todays society, many people believe that inmates are treated poorly once they are incarcerated, while on the other hand, other people believe that the inmates are getting the treatment that they deserve. I have designed a research study that would help in determining whether or not correction officers violate the inmates in any way. The strategy would consist of a questionnaire that contained twenty questions with YES, NO, and NO REPLY answer choices. A copy of the suggested questionnaire may be obtained by contacting the author through the affiliated university. This study could contribute to general understanding of crime or policy responses to crime and I feel that it would be just as beneficial as other similar research if not more significant. The answer choices will help in guaranteeing that the honest answers received will help improve the operational chain of command and the flow procedures within corrections system. The correctional officers can sometimes have an affect on why inmates act a certain way or why they do certain things to themselves and or others. I want this research to show officials that correctional officers allow one another to mistreat inmates without saying a word to anyone. This research will also allow correctional officers to speak anonymously about what is going on in the facility and how they are treating the offenders, whether it is positive or negative by other officers and or staff. A predicted outcome of this research would be that correctional officers do abuse their authority, and that there are crimes going on inside the prison directly resulting from officers actions or directly from the officers. Fellner (2004) discusses that in recent years, U.S. prison inmates have been beaten with fists and batons, stomped on, kicked, shot, stunned with electronic devices, doused with chemical sprays, choked, and slammed face first onto concrete floors by the officers whose job it is to guard them. Inmates have ended up with broken jaws, smashed ribs, perforated eardrums, missing teeth, burn scars not to mention psychological scars and emotional pain. Some have even died as the end result. Both men and women prisoners could face staff rape and multiple forms of sexual abuse and then the officers will bribe, coerce, or violently force the inmates for certain favors. Men and women inmates can experience correctional officers mistreatment and exploitation for many different reasons. Parsons-Pollard (2006) believe that the study of ethics in criminal justice has proliferated over the past 25 years as the public demands a higher level of ethical accountability for those in professional positions. The ethics of criminal justice professionals should be very precise allowing no room for anyone to become corrupt within the system. The ethical values of a corrections officer should be recognized in respect to the expected actions of correctional officers. If the officers are not going to abide by their rules and regulations within their workplace, then the correction officer profession may not be suitable for them. The conclusion and analysis of the result from this study will help to determine whether or not correctional officers are abusing the inmates and how they will address the problem. Sometimes, correctional officers abuse the inmates and take away what rights the inmates do have, making it very noticeable within the prison facilities that there is violence occurring that could be prevented. The best way to conquer this problem is to provide staff with adequate training on controlling their frustrations and anger issues, and to establish a well communicated staff. Even though the inmates are incarcerated for a reason, that doesnt mean that inmates should get poor treatment from the officers while they are incarcerated. The correctional officers are there to provide safety amongst the prison populations and officers should not judge the inmates according to their crime, the judge has already done it. Correction officers need to have current training and development in regards to their positions at the facility. They need to have a common knowledge of the application of law and how it is applied to those incarcerated. They should know the Constitutional Rights as well as the federal and jail standards for their state and province. Each correction officer should be able to conduct searches of both inmates and the areas that they are permitted access such as their cell. It would be relevant to have substance abuse prevention training to have a working knowledge of what substances are being used and abused and how. There are several aspects of corrections. The inmates may all hold different point of views in regards to how they view incarceration. One may view incarceration as a way to do something illegal, get caught and incarcerated, and still be able to receive all the free benefits of being incarcerated such as free food, water, sleeping corridors, television, computer/internet, and legal services. Those incarcerated have a lot more benefits and opportunities then a lot of people that are barely keeping up in life. Another might view prison as the most devastating experience that they have ever encountered. There are physical, emotional, and psychological issues that arise with those that are incarcerated and the officer must be able to understand their changes in behavior in order to maintain discipline. There are situations that may arise within the facilities where the correction officer would have to report to court. An important area that they should be trained in would be courtroom testimony. Other important areas that they should be trained in would be report writing, and how to take fingerprints, pictures, and identification of the offenders being processed. Conclusion Apart of any profession, the employee should be able to provide their employer with professionalism, ethics and morals, and proficient communication skills. These three elements are an important part of the correction officers profession. As apart of the training that they receive, the Correction officers should be well trained in how to respond to a situation where an inmate has taken another person within the facility as a hostage. A correction officer should also be able to respond adequately to a situation where there is a barricaded area. If any emergency were to break out, the correction officers should be able to respond as sufficiently as possible. Offenders all have different reasons as to why they are incarcerated and they are all going to deal with those reasons the best way they know how. Some may not be able to deal with those issues turning them into problems. Psychological issues, abnormal behavior, and thoughts and threats of suicide are all going to be prevalent when dealing with a group of criminals in a somewhat small area. When riots, fights, and or disorder starts to unfold in the prisons and jails, the correction officers are people responsible for being able to respond to the situations. There are situations that a correction officer may face daily that could result in prisoner abuse allegations. Prisoners are incarcerated for a particular reason and they are there because they committed a crime and have been sentenced. The judge is responsible for giving the inmates the sentence that they deserve therefore no official except the judge should be responsible for giving the inmates the treatment as well as the sentence that they get. Correction officers tend to want to give the inmates the treatment they deserve and that leads to the abuse of inmates. This abuse is apart of the dark figure of crime which is crime that goes unnoticed, unaccounted for, and unpunished. Inmates that are serving their sentences accordingly are being punished by the law and they dont need any additional appalling treatment, unless they are acting out or causing more trouble within the system. Officers may believe that because they have the authority to keep the prison under control then they have the authority to treat the inmates however they desire. If they think that they can not get into trouble or will not get into trouble then they will be more prone to doing and completing the actions. There has been a long history of corrections in the United States from retribution to rehabilitation and there has been a history of abuse of inmates from the correction officers. Payment And Delay Issues | Construction Industry Payment And Delay Issues | Construction Industry The construction industry plays an important role in any countrys development process. The industry establishes buildings and infrastructure works required for social economic development which contribute to the overall economic growth. The success of economic development will further lead to an increase in disposal incomes, generating demand for additional construction activities. Therefore, it is important to make sure the economy growth of construction industry is moving smoothly. Payment is considered as the lifeblood of the construction industry because constructions often involve very large capital outlay and take a considerable time to complete (Naseem, 2005). In the construction industry, payment is the sum of money paid to contractors, consultants and suppliers after their works, service or materials has been successfully realized or accepted. Payments are so important to these parties that it is a constant headache for them as problems in construction would always be revolving around the poor payment practices. In cases like this, contractors would be directly affected as they are the one who receive and spend the most amounts of monetary sources in a project done. A regular disbursement of interim payment is a critical point for a contractor to help them survive in the construction field. Whether it is late payment or not being paid in the amounts certified, it all literally means big problems to the contractors as cash flow will be effected. Some small construction companies such as Class F contractors would even close business due to late payments. Cash flow is critical to the construction industry. Even Lord Denning famously said that cash flow is the life-blood of the construction industry. The ease of cash flow is an essential element in delivering a successful project. Many actions have been taken by government to curb the payment problems among contractors. Datuk Seri S. Samy Vellu in 2008 for instance has proposed to make direct payments to sub-contractors handling government projects with immediate effect to ensure that they receive the money on time Government officers that delayed the distribution of payments to contractors will be given surcharge. But that does not stop there. Recently, Datuk Seri Abdullah Ahmad Badawi shows his concerns over complaints from contractors and suppliers about late payments. He had instructed that all payments must be made within three weeks of the date of receipts of the bills. Government is very particular about this matter because it was giving a negative perception of the current implementation of the 10th Malaysia Plan that is moving at a slow pace. The 10th Malaysia Plan (10MP) that runs from 2011-2015 besides reinforcing the New Economic Model (NEM) also reinforced the theme of Towards Higher Income with more measures to transform the nation into a high-income economy. Nonetheless, there are still cases of delayed payment and non-payment in arbitration if not in the court. Contractors are still facing problems in receiving their payments. Arbitration and judicature process not only consumed much time and money but could kill the business as well. As a contractor, what is the most appropriate action should be taken in securing their payments without effecting their business and cash flow? Statement of Problem The construction industry plays a very important role in generating wealth and improving the quality of life of the people through the provision of social and economic infrastructure like infrastructure like schools, hospital, houses, roads, airports, ports etc. It is linked to the whole spectrum of the economy and has a multiplier effect that enables other industries to prosper alongside. Hence, it is vital to ensure that construction projects are effectively and efficiently implemented. Problems of cash flow due to issues on late, under and non-payment can severely affect the implementation of construction projects and thus the provision of the nations infrastructure and built environment. In construction, delay could be defined as the time overrun either beyond completion date specified in a contract, or beyond the date that the parties agreed upon for delivery of a project.ÂÂ  Delays in payment means there is a delays in progress compared to the baseline schedule. While, problems of delay in payment has continued to worsen in the construction industry (Pitcher, 2010) According to Davenport 2010, the Constructon Industry Development Boards Construction Industry Indicators (CII) had conducted a survey in Cape Town 2009. The survey indicates that only 42% of contractors were paid on time and 58% of payments to contractor were made 30days or more after invoicing. Payments delays in 2009 show quite a significant deterioration compared with the payment delays in 2007 and 2008. CIDBs CEO, Ronnie Khoza states that the issue of payment delays is a very serious matter. The delays could be the result of a poor quality of invoices or corruption within government departments. Contractor Calculator reveals from a latest contractor survey that a whopping 88% of contractors have been receiving their payment late from their agency or client. According to Dave Chaplin, CEO of Contractor Calculator, this is a sad reflection of the times, particularly as 37% of respondents suffering delayed payment have a contract with the public sector. Construction works involve huge amounts of money and most of the contractors find it very difficult to bear the heavy daily construction expenses when the payments are delayed. Work progress can be delayed due to the latepayments from the clients because there is inadequate cash flow to support construction expenses especially for those contractors who are not financially sound. (Murali Sambasivan, 2006) Purposes of Study The construction industry which affected by the cash flow of such projects is getting serious year by year. One of factors causing the problem of cash flow is late payment. In response to the predicted possible concern for this problem, this research is conducted to investigate this issue further in both private and public construction project. Objectives of Study The objective of the study is to compare the factors that contribute to delay in progress payments for construction projects between the private and public sector. Research Questions Delay in construction interim payment consequently affects the progress of the construction project. Either in private or public construction project, payment is the life blood for a project in order to complete in the certain period. Hence, it is important to solve out this problem. To find the solution, we must know the causes influence the late payment. Therefore, this research will enable us to provide the answers for the following questions: What are the factors that contribute to delay in progress payments for construction projects? Is it private sector and public sector influence by the same factors? Significance of Study This research should increase the awareness of both contractors and employers in relation to the payment issues. The contractors should take attention with late payment issue, because it will bring a big impact to their financial ability. The developers or government should also take attention with this issue in order to minimize the impact to the work in site. By that, making improvement either on their own party or employers is important to solve the problems. Besides that, the research is also expected to grab the attention of the employers or developers in making their payments promptly and timeliness. This research help to find out the most common reasons cause the delay in progress payment for construction project in private and public sector. Compare the reason which most frequently happens to see whether these two different fields face the same problems in getting payment. Public projects usually involve more parties in preparing the payment certificate, while private projects which are normally involved weak financial backgrounds employers. After identify the factors causes delay in these two fields, the next step is to find the solution to solve the problems. Through the research, the findings may assist the relevant parties such as developers or government and the contractors in addressing problems associated to late payment in an effective and timely manner to create a win-win situation for all parties in the Malaysian construction industry. It is hoped that the relevant parties will adopt and implement the necessary plan of action in order to minimise disputes on payment in any construction project, so as to create a friendly and enjoyable working environment for all parties and to improve the payment flows in the Malaysian construction industry. Scope of Study This research will be focusing on late payments in the Malaysias construction industry in both private and public project in Johor Bahru. This study will focus on the building works in construction projects. This research will be focusing on the main party in the Malaysias construction industry, which is a contractor. Contractors, whose are carry out the works on site and receiver of payment to make sure the construction works in the progress. Hence, they are the important party in getting the right information in this research. Research Methodology The research for this study was conducted using the following approaches: a) Literature Review This includes the secondary data and information collected from different sources which can be used to conduct the research. The sources include books, journals, magazines, newspaper, dissertations, conference papers, periodicals, information from the internet, etc. These materials were used as background information in order to fully understand the information needed for discussion and analysis in the research. The information can be any issues related to the delay in payment in global construction industries. b) Questionnaire Survey The principal method used to collect primary data from contractors was the use of a questionnaire survey. The questionnaire was designated according to the problems in delay of payment in both sectors, private and public in order to achieve the objective of the study. Further details and analysis of the data will be discussed in Chapter 3. c) Interview Besides questionnaire survey, interview sessions will be conducted to collect the primary data. In order to get more exact and detail data, experienced contractor will be the target respondents to be interview. (Placeholder1) (Sub-contractors to be paid directly by Works Ministry) (n.d.). References Chaplin, D. (Director). Contractors suffering late-payment abuse by agencies clients, reveals latest survey [Motion Picture]. Davenport, J. (9 April, 2010). Contruction survey reveals worrying payment-delay trend. Construction Industry Development Board . Cape town: Engineering News. Murali Sambasivan, Y. W. (2006). Causes and effects of delays in Malaysian construction industry. International Journal of Project Management , 524. Naseem, N. A. (2005). International Forum Construction Industry Payment Act and Adjudication. Construction Industry Payment and Adjudication Act . Kuala Lumpur: CIDB and ISM. Pitcher, G. (2010, April 26). Construction late payment worsens. Construction News. Sub-contractors to be paid directly by Works Ministry. (2008, Feb 1). New Straits Times Online.

The Neoplatonic Doctrine :: essays research papers fc

The Neoplatonic Doctrine As defined by Funk and Wagnals, Neoplatonism is a type of idealistic monism in which the ultimate reality of the universe is held to be an infinite, unknowable, perfect One. From this one emanates nous (pure intelligence), whence in turn is derived the world soul, the creative activity of which engenders the lesser souls of human beings. The world soul is conceived as an image of the nous, even as the nous is an image of the One; both the nous and the world soul, despite their differentiation, are thus consubstantial with the One. The world soul, however, because it is intermediate between the nous and the material world, has the option either of preserving its integrity and imaged perfection or of becoming altogether sensual and corrupt. The same choice is open to each of the lesser souls. When, through ignorance of its true nature and identity, the human soul experiences a false sense of separateness and independence, it becomes arrogantly self-assertive and falls into sensual and depraved habits. Salvation for such a soul is still possible, the Neoplatonist maintains, by virtue of the very freedom of will that enabled it to choose its sinful course. The soul must reverse that course, tracing in the opposite direction the successive steps of its degeneration, until it is again united with the fountainhead of its being. The actual reunion is accomplished through a mystical experience in which the soul knows an all-pervading ecstasy.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Doctrinally, Neoplatonism is characterized by a categorical opposition between the spiritual and the carnal, elaborated from Plato's dualism of Idea and Matter; by the metaphysical hypothesis of mediating agencies, the nous and the world soul, which transmit the divine power from the One to the many; by an aversion to the world of sense; and by the necessity of liberation from a life of sense through a rigorous ascetic discipline. (Funk and Wagnalls) History of Neoplatonism   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Neoplatonism began in Alexandra, Egypt, in the third century AD. Plotinus was the founder of Neoplatonsim and was born in Egypt. He studied at Alexandra with the philosopher Ammonium Saccus. Along with 224 others he helped carry the Neoplatonic doctrine to Rome, where he established a school. Other important Neoplatonic thinkers were the Syrian-Greek scholar's, Porphyry and Lablichus. The Syrian, Athenian, and Alexandrian Schools Neoplatonism was the last of the great schools of classical pagan philosophy. Platonism, as well as Aristotlism, Stoicism, and Pythagoreanism, all provided an awkward understanding of classical Greek paganism.

TS Eliot paper -- essays research papers

â€Å"Where is the Life we have lost in living? Where is the wisdom we have lost in knowledge? Where is the knowledge we have lost in information?† T.S. Eliot (T.S. Eliot Quotes.) TS Eliot was not only a poet, but a poet that wanted to change his world. He was writing in the hopes that it would give his society a reality check that would encourage them to change themselves and make their lives more worthwhile. Through his themes of alienation, isolation, and giving an example of a decaying society, TS Eliot wanted to change his society. Alienation is a common theme that consistently runs throughout TS Eliot’s poetry. Eliot knew how alienation felt first hand through his experience of being born in Missouri and later moving to Boston to go to college. He described himself as feeling like a New Englander in the Southwest, and a South westerner in New England (Bush, TS Eliot’s Life and Career). Knowing this feeling made it easy for him to write many poems concerning this idea such as Rhapsody on a Windy Night. Half-past two, The street lamp said, "Remark the cat which flattens itself in the gutter, Slips out its tongue And devours a morsel of rancid butter." So the hand of a child, automatic, Slipped out and pocketed a toy that was running along the quay. I could see nothing behind that child's eye. (Poetry Archive) This poem doesn’t deal with alienation where a person is all alone and there is absolutely no one around. In fact, there are people present but they ...

Government Punjab Public Library Essay

Heading: Government Punjab Public Library Lahore lies in the heart of the city of Lahore at the Library Road near Lahore Museum. Thelibrary is centrally situated in this way and has a pleasant atmosphere for a calm and peaceful study. The library holds an exceptional rare collection of books in English, Urdu, Persian, Arabic and Punjabi. The total collection is about 500,000 books now, comprising of massive numbers of magazines and newspapers, reports, also the old gazettes of Punjab, Pakistan and undivided India and more than 1,500 manuscripts. Government Punjab Public Library was formed by Sir Charles Aitcheson in1886. It started off with an old monument-type building where they had only 70 books. Gradually donations of books and documents were made and the library system managed to build up strongly. It ´s main purpose was to build a public library and a reading room. The other Blocks were built in 1924, 1939 and 1992. Introduction: Government Punjab Public Library is facing some major problems from quite some time. These problems include mostly theft and it is discovered after the theft, waiting in long queues before issuing the book, discovering, after waiting for long, that the desired book is unavailable, tast is done manually. There is no system to keep a proper check on the books in stock and also on the visitor. The need to introduce an automated system as a solution to the problems faced by the members of the Government Punjab Public Library bought me to RFID system. By introducing RFID system, which happens to be a combination of a computer chip and a small radio antenna that allows object to self-identify, we intend to solve all the above mentioned problems. This is a unique system of its kind that not only is the fastest, easiest and most effective way to track, locate and manage library material but also pledge security and safety. A number of deficiencies have been experienced in the current system of the library since the work is done manually which happens to be a big problem. Hence it seems to be the need of the hour to provide The Government Punjab Public Library with an automated system which is going to make lives, of all those who really want to bring some change by devoting most of their times in gaining knowledge, a lot easier. RFID system would help in making an effective flow of book circulation. Also, it helps in tracking the book in minutes instead of hours and the unique ID of the RFID tag prevents counterfeiting. Through market research ie; through the interviews that I conducted from the members and librarian on my visit to the library, I have concluded that 87% people are in a desperate need for a better system. According to these people, if an automated system is introduced not only members but non-members would also purchase or issue books which would end up increasing their market share. Apparently the conditions of Government Punjab Public Library demand an automated system that not only keeps a check on the stock but also helps the librarian in looking for one and also deals with security concerns. Therefore I believe that RFID system happens to be the best suited solution for a problem like this because this society is capable of producing really good writers, scholars, poets, students and a platform like an automated Library system can be a gateway to success for such people. I determinedly believe that by pursuing this possibility and by implementing, controlling and maintaining a system like this, we will be able to satisfy a large number of people who are the only hope to bring a change about a change in Pakistan. Discussion Apparently Government Punjab Public Library is undergoing some problems. These problems lead to low members follow–up and is the reason why there is a need for a better system. For starters, currently members complaint of experiencing long queues which frustrates them and they don’t want to return back. The frustration is further caused when after waiting for several minutes it is discovered that the book isn’t available in the library. And in case the book is available, the member has to wait for long since the manual entry of book issuing takes long. Disappointment follows when members receive unfriendly staff. Moreover constant cases of theft have been witnessed by the librarian. Members often hide the books in their bags and leave without issuing. This not only causes stock mismanagement but also results in disappointment. To solve these problems, installing an RFID system, is important. The purpose of installing RFID system in the library system is to change the current manual and hectic structure. This would not only help in eliminating theft but will also reduce time consumption and level of disappointment that is caused when discovered that the desired book/s is/are unavailable. Hence, getting an effective and automated Library Management System is essential. The reason why I chose RFID system is because it is the fastest, easiest and most efficient way to track, locate & manage library materials. Not only that, through RFID system automatic check-in and check-out can be practiced. While interviewing the librarians at the library I, time and again, heard them complaining about the mismanagement of the stock and also that it takes long in locating a book. Through RFID system Library inventory tracking can be done in minutes instead of hours because it is basically a wireless system for automatic identifications and tracking by using radio frequency electromagnetic fields, by transferring the data from a tag attached to a product, which in this case are the books. One of the problems that the librarian highlighted and laid great stress on addressing that problem was the stealing of books. According to the librarian, this is one of the biggest issues the management of library is dealing with but with the help of RFID system, they can easily address to a situation like this. With the help of walk through gates, which is one of the components of RFID system, stealer can be easily located. This is possible because every book will have its own RFID tag like every member will have theirs. And if someone tries to take the book without issuing, that person can easily be traced with the help of walk through gates which will start to beam as soon as some is illegally exiting. This brings me to the point of discussing some of the benefits that can be driven from introducing RFID system. For starters, with the walk through gates and tags, no thefts will be claimed hence, a secure library management system will be exercised. Moreover the schedule of the staff will become flexible. This is because the routine would not be as hectic as before. Also if two persons were dealing with a task earlier, now only one can easily handle it. Furthermore, trained workforce would walk in. There is another business benefit that will be gathered in the form of customer satisfaction. Obviously, when the customers would not have to wait for their turn, standing in a long queue, they would be much happier and content. Conclusion: Keeping in mind the benefits it can easily be concluded that this system will be a big success once installed. It won’t be a wise move to deny the fact that it is going to be a big investment but analyzing the benefits which are significant and undeniable, the cost would be a secondary thing to worry about. Currently the books are mishandled and misplaced by the incessant handling processes of the staff members. There is too much hassle in material handling. Now this issue would be resolved due to the self-digitalized service by the members and the staff as well and as a result the inventory would be properly preserved. With the RFID, the Punjab Public Library management system would be revolutionized and the overall performance would catch pace and tasks would be done quickly and on time. References: 1. Personally visited the Government Punjab Publiv library 2. http://www.rfid-library.com/en/default_e.html 3. http://gppl.org.pk/ 4. http://www.logisticsit.com/articles/2007/03/22/2679-the-benefits-of-rfid 5. http://www.jesic-tech.com/RFID_iLib.html 6. http://www.rfid-library.com/en/system-four-phases.html

Study Habits

Sometimes a purely quantitative matter, while having the findings of lengthy, comprehensive research published by a recognized journal is also a notable academic achievement (Ansari 1983 ). When students get admission in a university, they have no idea about studies requirement. Most of them have old patterns of seeking knowledge at the beginning, they apply the same old techniques but after some time they realize that old techniques are no more effective. Gradually they started developing mature study style. Some students, when enter the higher education institution, feel free themselves from all the worries of studies which affect their studies negatively. Even they get failed in their tests or exams and there are some other poor study habits which affect the achievement of the students. These are as follow: This is a very common mistake which is made by students, and also most unavoidable from the side of students. When students enter, especially in the universities, they think of themselves free from every duty of studies. When students leave their classes, due to this, their study habits are also affected. They get used to it and lose their positions. If they want to succeed in their life, they should be punctual in their studies, attend all lectures which the teacher delivers in the class. Hostel is a place where usually travelers and students live in a supervised environment. Mostly hostels are used by the students, who come from distant places to earn their degrees. Hostel life has a great impact on the academic achievement of the students. Some students gain knowledge in proper manner but some do not. The reason is that some students do not feel comfortable in hostels and get home sick. On the other side, those students who are day scholars, they also have some problems. Some have home conflicts and other factors which influence their academic achievements. Because of these problems, they can never be able to achieve good results in their academics. Sometimes students those are living in hostels face many difficulties due to economic hardships or home sickness but still work hard and achieve good grade and sometime they deviate due to lack of proper supervision and guidance so in the case of day scholars. Present study is design to explore this mystery that whether day scholar’s students have good study habits and higher academic achievement or hostel living students have more effective study habits and higher academic achievements Statement of the Problem The problem under investigation was to explore the relationship between study habits

Hell and Enslavement in Sartres No Exit essays

Hell and Enslavement in Sartres No Exit essays Hell and Enslavement. In Sartre's No Exit Sartre, the most famous of the existentialist thinkers, wrote No Exit in 1944. It was first performed in Paris during the Nazi occupation. Sartre was a POW during the occupation, but escaped punishment from the Nazis. There is obviously an overall question pertaining to the play in terms of its relation to the historical period and the atrocities that were taking place in France and all of Europe. Sartre obviously knew of the racist ideology and actions the Nazis were imposing on the world. Therefore, his play is at some level be a reflection of the troubled times in which he lived. The occupying Nazis forces enslaved his nation. Did France feel like a nation that was going to Hell? Did individuals feel that they lived in Hell? This is one of the many themes found in Sartre's play. Perhaps this is this what Sartre's play is about? In Sartre's play, No Exit, there is never any indication that these people are actually in Hell. The characters themselves identify with the space that holds them prisoners. For example, when Inez says, INEZ: Yes, we are criminals murderers all three of us. We're in hell, my pets; they never make mistakes, and people aren't damned for nothing. Sartre's existentialist point in this frightening play is a simple one: the people, who inhabit Hell, create Hell. The Valet who leads our three characters into their Second Empire drawing room never once says they're in Hell. He laughs at Garcin's cynical reference to the toothbrush, acknowledging that its companion is dead, but never does the Valet say that they are actually in hell. The interaction between the three people creates a hellish situation. Again, Inez says this quite clearly: INEZ: ... Yes, now's the moment; I'm looking at this thing on the mantelpiece, and I understand that I'm in hell. I tell you, everything's been thought ...

How to Write a Research Essay in Literature

How to Write a Research Essay in Literature A research essay is one of the most popular tasks that college and university students get during academic semesters. Usually research essays start with a topic or a particular problem that needs to be researched. Typically, college research essays are described as an academic work that leads the readers to the works of other authors since it guides the readers to comparing the current and the previous research essay. This type of academic assignments teaches your readers about a particular topic as it properly identifies the key points of the essay and the thesis. Research Essay in Literature: Getting Started Before you rush into the library, it is recommended to think about what you are going to write your research essay. If it’s Literature course that you’re writing your paper for, ensure to brainstorm how you want to approach the topic. Thus, you will get the focus that you need to find the most relevant sources. If you have no idea where to start, conduct some primitive research in order to get a sense of the context of the topic. Creating the thesis of the research essay in Literature will help you at the research stage. Mind that it should encourage your readers who are eager to knowing more about the topic. What is the problem? Why should you research one? Why should you write about the problem? Why does your target audience want to know about the topic? What is known about the chosen topic? What exactly needs to be researched? You can you find the relevant information? If, for instance, you work on the topic that sounds as ‘Love and Death in Don Quixote,’ you will most likely check what Miguel de Cervantes had to tell himself in some sources if available or read the works of the other authors who studied the literature masterpiece by Cervantes. Besides, you will mention the influence that the book had on the others writers and artists of all times. Check the article ‘The Long Lasting Influence of Don Quixote from Shakespeare to Broadway’ on Culture Trip to get inspired for the res earch essay. Find unknown terms in a specialized dictionary and read background information in online encyclopedia. This will enable you to get new precious knowledge of the topic and help you approach it appropriately. Topics for Literature Research Essay When it comes to Literature, the number of topics that you might choose for your research essay is endless. If you’re looking for the easiest way to find an idea for the next research essay in Literature, it is recommended to start broad and then move toward making your topic more specific and thus, more interesting to your potential reader. Here are a couple of examples of research topics in literature to help you decide on what exactly you would like to write about in this or that novel: 1. The Roles of Women and Men In what way the gender roles are shown on the pages of the book or story? Are they completely different? Are they given equal rights? What kind of gender expectations do the characters follow or do they fight against? 2. Politics Does the novel address any political issues? If yes, which ones? Equality? Discrimination? 3. Religion Is the chosen novel religious? What beliefs does the novel question or promote? 4. Historical Background Who is the author of the book and what is his or her story? Was he or she involved in any sort of controversy associated with their work? How does the novel reflect the beliefs and society of the era? What is the significance of the chosen novel today and in the time when it was created? 5. Comparison between the Book Characters You can compare characters of the same story or two (or even more!) different ones. In what way are their similarities or differences important to the plot? 6. Allusions in the Story Are there any significant allusions in the story? How important are they to understanding the story, as well as its place in the world literature? 7. Symbolism Are there any significant symbols in the book? How important are they? 8. Comparisons between Novels In case the books seem absolutely different but at the same time they represent the similar genre or were written in the same time period, you might want to explore this issue. 9. Criticism Does the plot include any notable criticisms? What kind of response do the other Literature experts have to this work? Developing a Focus The goal of the brainstorming stage is to develop a clear and concise research question, summative description, or tentative thesis statement. This will make your research more efficient because you will be well-prepared to evaluate whether the sources on your list are relevant to your topic and Literature in general. Having some trouble choosing an interesting research essay questions to discuss? There is a collection of ideas that may ease the process of selection the most captivating one: The Sexuality of Politics in Early Modern American Literature; The Portrayal of Legendary Heroes in the World Literature and How It Affected the Way Males Perceive Their Roles in Today’s Society; Politics of the Woman’s Body: Postcolonial Female Writers of the 3rd World; Rabbit Tetralogy by John Updike: Mastered Irony in True Motion; In What Way Has Literature Changed People’s Expectations of Religion and Science? Why Was William Shakespeare So Gifted in the World of Literature? The First World War in English Poetry; Holden Caulfield as a Lost Teenager in ‘The Catcher in the Rye’ Locate Your Resources Before you get your hands on the writing process, read up on the subject of your project. It’s recommended to gather all the sources and review each carefully before you start writing so that you can have everything planned out when it’s time to begin you research essay. To find information related to your topic check various types of resources (the more the better!). Here are some of the examples of the resources: Specialty books. Search these resources in your college or local library. A book written on the topic of your choice is an incredible resource and will definitely become one of the best options when you start searching for quality information. What is more, these books also have various references where students can find more useful information. Academic journals. Today, students have an opportunity to find loads of periodicals on various academic researches related to the field if Literature. The best thing about these resources is that each article is written by a specialist in Literature and scrutinized by other experts to ensure accuracy. LitLine, Failbetter, Decomp, Journal of Literary Studies are just a few of online resources of the kind for those in need of sophisticated and detailed materials on Literature topic. Online encyclopedias. This is where the most reliable information can be found on the internet. The sites like Britannica.com and Encyclopedia.com are at your service 24/7. Are you required to write a research essay on ‘A Rose for Emily’ by William Faulkner? There’s a useful article on Encyclopedia.com that will help you get your thoughts together on the issue. Be careful with the websites like Wiki. Those can be pretty helpful; however, they are known for containing unverified materials that you should check before you use them in your research essay in Literature. Expert interviews. If you get a chance, interview a professional in the subject of your Literature research essay. Professionals can be experts working in the field of Literature, college tutors, writers, professors with advanced degrees, and so on. Analyze Your Research Carefully and critically read through the material that you have managed to gather. Now you need to know and understand what exactly the authors are saying and why. Taking notes is a must as you read. Focus on identifying the key conclusions of the article or book, and the approach that the author prefers using in order to arrive to that very conclusion. It is important to have a brief summary of the whole, with some short relevant details. Take a look at your research question, thesis statement, or summative description now that you have done all that reading. Does the evidence that you’ve found answer the question or support your thesis? Have the arguments or the data made you change your mind? If needed, revise your thesis statement or research question to account for the info that your research uncovered. It’s Time to Write The first part of your research essay is the introduction. Use this part to introduce the topic and set the purpose for your paper. Use introduction to provide your readers with an idea of what you’re going to talk about in your essay. Make it relatively short, i.e., one or two paragraphs would be enough. If it’s a really long essay that you write, you may need to expand your introduction. Don’t think that your readers already know everything about your topic unless it’s an issue of common knowledge. For instance, you probably do not need to explain in your essay intro what the romance novel or romantic novel is, but it’s better to define less general terms like ‘direct characterization’, ‘pathetic fallacy’, ‘stream of consciousness’ or ‘tragicomedy’. Proceed to the body of your research essay. This is where the focus of your essay is located. Include the key arguments, all the research methods used, the results that you have obtained and the main research findings. If you need to provide some background information on your Literature topic, include it in a special section at the beginning of the essay. For instance, if you’re working on a research analysis of Shakespeare’s ‘Romeo and Juliet’, and you’d like to include some extra information on the marriages of the 14th century, state that ‘in point of fact, the child marriages weren’t ‘common’ in the times of Romeo and Juliet; however, child marriages were reasonably widespread and accepted among medieval nobility for financial purposes.’ Arrange the body sections in order to ensure they flow logically since the organization is what matters the most. Depending upon the length of your essay, the end of the body will include your discussion of the findings. In other words, you wrap up your findings but you don’t state your conclusions yet. It’s the conclusion section where you’re supposed to place your final thoughts on the research topic. If, for instance, you write a research essay on the friendship between Don Quixote and Sancho Panza, your conclusion might include the following information, ‘while the poor peasant Sancho Panza was described by Cervantes not so intelligent, he turned out to be cunning and strong, as well as intelligent enough to not only take care of himself, but his master as well; thus, a pointless business arrangement turned into a heartfelt and meaningful friendship’. The biggest problem that many college students face when working on a research essay in Literature is that they prefer waiting until the last moment to write one. Plan every step of your research essay. Organize every part of it. When you work on the outline of the pager, include an introduction, the main points, and the ending. Start early to gather information about the topic. Create loads of note cards to have them near when you’re in the process of writing. Don’t lose the source of every piece of information to know where all the details come from. Thus, you will avoid any accusations of plagiarism. Provide credit to every paraphrase or quote. The best way to get the research essay done in Literature is to work on a section at a time and revise each more than once.

Biography of General Dwight D. Eisenhower

Biography of General Dwight D. Eisenhower Dwight David Eisenhower (October 14, 1890–March 28, 1969) was a decorated war hero, having participated in two World Wars, holding many titles. After retiring from active duty, he entered politics and served as president of the United States from 1953–1961. Fast Facts: Dwight D. Eisenhower Known For: General of the Army in World War II, U.S. President from 1953–1961Born: October 14, 1890 in Denison, TexasParents: David Jacob and Ida Stover EisenhowerDied: March 28, 1969 in Gettysburg, PennsylvaniaEducation: Abilene High School, West Point Naval Academy (1911–1915), Command and General Staff College at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas (1925–1926)Spouse: Marie Mamie Geneva Doud (m. July 1, 1916)Children: Doud Dwight (1917–1921) and John Sheldon Doud Eisenhower (1922–2013) Early Life Dwight David Eisenhower was the third son of David Jacob and Ida Stover Eisenhower. Moving to Abilene, Kansas in 1892, Eisenhower spent his childhood in the town and later attended Abilene High School. Graduating in 1909, he worked locally for two years to aid in paying his older brothers college tuition. In 1911, Eisenhower took and passed the admission exam for the U.S. Naval Academy but was turned down due to being too old. Turning to West Point, he succeeded in gaining an appointment with the aid of Senator Joseph L. Bristow. Though his parents were pacifists, they supported his choice as it would give him a good education. West Point Though born David Dwight, Eisenhower had gone by his middle name for most of his life. Arriving at West Point in 1911, he officially changed his name to Dwight David. A member of a star-studded class that would ultimately produce 59 generals, including Omar Bradley, Eisenhower was a solid student and graduated 61st in a class of 164. While at the academy, he also proved a gifted athlete until having his career cut short by a knee injury. Completing his education, Eisenhower graduated in 1915 and was assigned to the infantry. Eisenhower married Marie Mamie Geneva Doud on July 1, 1916. They had two sons, Doud Dwight (1917–1921), who died of scarlet fever as a child, and the historian and ambassador John Sheldon Doud Eisenhower (1922–2013).   World War I Moving through postings in Texas and Georgia, Eisenhower showed skills as an administrator and trainer. With the American entry into World War I in April 1917, he was retained in the United States and assigned to the new tank corps. Posted to Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, Eisenhower spent the war training tank crews for service on the Western Front. Though he reached the temporary rank of lieutenant colonel, he reverted to the rank of captain following the wars end in 1918. Ordered to Fort Meade, Maryland, Eisenhower continued to work in armor and conversed on the topic with Captain George S. Patton. Interwar Years In 1922, with the rank of major, Eisenhower was assigned to the Panama Canal Zone to serve as executive officer to Brigadier General Fox Connor. Recognizing his XOs abilities, Connor took a personal interest in Eisenhowers military education and devised an advanced course of study. In 1925, he assisted Eisenhower in securing admission to the Command and General Staff College at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. Graduating first in his class a year later, Eisenhower was posted as a battalion commander at Fort Benning, Georgia. After a short assignment with the American Battle Monuments Commission, under General John J. Pershing, he returned to Washington, D.C. as executive officer to Assistant Secretary of War General George Mosely. Known as an excellent staff officer, Eisenhower was selected as an aide by U.S. Army Chief of Staff General Douglas MacArthur. When MacArthurs term ended in 1935, Eisenhower followed his superior to the Philippines to serve as a military advisor to the Filipino government. Promoted to lieutenant colonel in 1936, Eisenhower began to clash with MacArthur on military and philosophical topics. Opening a rift that would last the remainder of their lives, the arguments led Eisenhower to return to Washington in 1939 and take a series of staff positions. In June 1941, he became chief of staff to 3rd Army commander Lieutenant General Walter Krueger and was promoted to brigadier general that September. World War II Begins With the U.S. entry into World War II after the attack on Pearl Harbor, Eisenhower was assigned to the General Staff in Washington where he devised war plans for defeating Germany and Japan. Becoming Chief of the War Plans Division, he was soon elevated to Assistant Chief of Staff overseeing the Operations Division under Chief of Staff General George C. Marshall. Though he had never led large formations in the field, Eisenhower soon impressed Marshall with his organizational and leadership skills. As a result, Marshall appointed him commander of the European Theater of Operations (ETOUSA) on June 24, 1942. This was soon followed by a promotion to lieutenant general. North Africa Based in London, Eisenhower soon was also made Supreme Allied Commander of the North African Theater of Operations (NATOUSA). In this role, he oversaw the Operation Torch landings in North Africa that November. As Allied troops drove Axis forces into Tunisia, Eisenhowers mandate was expanded east to include General Sir Bernard Montgomerys British 8th Army which had advanced west from Egypt. Promoted to general on February 11, 1943, he led the Tunisian Campaign to successful a conclusion that May. Remaining in the Mediterranean, Eisenhowers command was redesignated the Mediterranean Theater of Operations. Crossing to Sicily, he directed the invasion of the island in July 1943 before planning for landings in Italy. Return to Britain After landing in Italy in September 1943, Eisenhower guided the initial stages of the advance up the peninsula. In December, President Franklin D. Roosevelt, who was unwilling to allow Marshall to leave Washington, directed that Eisenhower be made Supreme Allied Commander of the Allied Expeditionary Force (SHAEF) which would place him in charge of the planned landings in France. Confirmed in this role in February 1944, Eisenhower oversaw operational control of Allied forces through SHAEF and administrative control of U.S. forces through ETOUSA. Headquartered in London, Eisenhowers post required extensive diplomatic and political skill as he endeavored to coordinate Allied efforts. Having gained experience in coping with challenging personalities while serving under MacArthur and commanding Patton and Montgomery in the Mediterranean, he was well-suited to dealing with difficult Allied leaders like Winston Churchill and Charles de Gaulle. Western Europe After extensive planning, Eisenhower moved forward with the invasion of Normandy (Operation Overlord) on June 6, 1944. Successful, his forces broke out of the beachhead  in July and began driving across France. Though he clashed with Churchill over strategy, such as the British-opposed Operation Dragoon landings in Southern France, Eisenhower worked to balance Allied initiatives and approved Montgomerys Operation Market-Garden in September. Pushing east in December, Eisenhowers biggest crisis of the campaign came with the opening of the Battle of the Bulge on Dec. 16. With German forces breaking through the Allied lines, Eisenhower quickly worked to seal the breach and contain the enemy advance. Over the next month, Allied troops halted the enemy and drove them back to their original lines with heavy losses. During the fighting, Eisenhower was promoted to General of the Army. Leading the final drives into Germany, Eisenhower coordinated with his Soviet counterpart, Marshal Georgy Zhukov and, at times, directly with Premier Joseph Stalin. Aware that Berlin would fall in the Soviet occupation zone after the war, Eisenhower halted Allied troops at the Elbe River rather than suffer heavy losses taking an  objective that would be lost after the end of fighting. With the surrender of Germany on May 8, 1945, Eisenhower was named Military Governor of the U.S. Occupation Zone. As governor, he worked to document Nazi atrocities, deal with food shortages, and aid refugees. Later Career Returning to the United States that fall, Eisenhower was greeted as a hero. Made Chief of Staff on Nov. 19, he replaced Marshall and remained in this post until Feb. 6, 1948. A key responsibility during his tenure was overseeing the rapid downsizing of the Army after the war. Departing in 1948, Eisenhower became president of Columbia University. While there, he worked to expand his political and economic knowledge, as well as wrote his memoir Crusade in Europe. In 1950, Eisenhower was recalled to be the Supreme Commander of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Serving until May 31, 1952, he retired from active duty and returned to Columbia. Entering politics, Eisenhower ran for president that fall with Richard Nixon as his running mate. Winning in a landslide, he defeated Adlai Stevenson. A moderate Republican, Eisenhowers eight years in the White House were marked by the end of the Korean War, efforts to contain Communism, construction of the instate highway system, nuclear deterrence, founding of NASA, and economic prosperity. Leaving office in 1961, Eisenhower retired to his farm in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. He lived in Gettysburg with his wife, Mamie (m. 1916) until his death from heart failure on March 28, 1969. Following funeral services in Washington, Eisenhower was buried in Abilene, Kansas at the Eisenhower Presidential Library.

Kudzu essays

Kudzu essays Kudzu is a major threat to Michigan. In this report I will discuss many factors as to why kudzu is a threat, and what we as a state can do about it. The reason I chose this topic was that I have lived in the south for most of my life, and have seen the effects of Kudzu. This plant is very threatening to us agriculturally as well as economically, and we need to deal with this problem now, before it spreads up into the beautiful landscape of Michigan. Kudzu is a climbing, semi-woody, perennial vine in the legume family. It has deciduous leaves, with three broad leaflets that measure up to four inches across. Its individual flowers are a half inch long, purple, highly fragrant, and are born in large hanging clusters. Flowering occurs in late summer and is soon followed by the production of brown, hairy, flattened, seed pods, each of which contains three to ten hard seeds. It's roots are fleshy, with massive tap roots that are seven or more inches in diameter, six feet or more in length, and weighing as much as four hundred pounds! It is common throughout the southeastern United States and has been found as far north as New York. Kudzu grows well under a wide range of conditions and in most soil types. Preferred habitats for this vine are forest edges, abandoned fields, roadsides, and disturbed areas, where sunlight is abundant. Kudzu grows best where the winters are mild, summer temperatures are above eighty degrees F ahrenheit, and annual rainfall is forty inches or more. (Description, Internet). Kudzu was introduced to the United States in 1876 at the Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Countries were invited to build exhibits to celebrate the 100th birthday of our country. The Japanese government constructed a beautiful garden filled with plants from their country. Kudzu was in this garden, and many viewed it as a good plant for ornamental purposes, so American gar...

Top Road Test Tips Essay

Top Road Test Tips Essay Top Road Test Tips Essay Top Road Test Tips Many people fail their road test one, two, three, or even more times than that. I, personally, passed it on my second try by using very easy to remember tips from my Driver’s Education teacher, as well as tips from other sources and common sense as well. In here I will give you some ideas on how to pass the road test, so you can be worry free and get your license as soon as possible! These tips to pass your road test are - somewhat common sense to experienced drivers but to newer drivers, taking their road test for the first time, this may not be common sense after all. Practice Practice makes perfect, right? Even in the sense of a road test this statement holds true. From what I’ve seen, they don't usually make you go on very busy roads for your road test, so make sure to practice on side roads which are usually less busy. This is also safer since you're less prone to an accident overall due to less influx of traffic I the same area. However, you have to be careful on side roads as well since there are more children around who may walk into the street without thinking about what might happen. Stay Calm One big thing that the person judging whether you should get your license is to see is if you're calm behind the wheel. Don't be a white-knuckled nervous wreck! You should be observant, but not over-observant either, that may signal nervousness behind the wheel which may make you fail your road test. Before the judge steps into the car take a deep breath and remember everything that you have learned and practiced. Sometimes when people get nervous they also speed, this is bad, you do not want to be a road runner here. Stay at a nice, even speed throughout the entire road test session. The Start The prior information was stuff that happens before the actual driving. Staying calm is essential throughout the whole drive, do not forget that. In the beginning make sure your car is off before starting. If the car is on, this may sometime make the test failed automatically, or so I’ve heard. When the judge says it's ok, turn the car on. At the start you must pull away from the curb. Use your blinker when pulling away from the curb. Check your mirrors for other traffic that might be coming from your direction. If there is traffic coming, do not go and wait for that other car to pass. Do not go over the middle lines when pulling away from the curb, this shows you are in fact in control of the vehicle in which you are operating. The Middle The actual drive is the longest part. My drive was about 5-10 minutes. Check all signs including speed limit signs, stop signs, and so on. If there's a school zone around, make sure to go at that speed, or a little bit slower. Stop fully at all stop signs to ensure that you do not get penalized. No rolling through stop signs, and stop at the stop line if applicable. When at a stop sign it is ok to "creep" up after stopping fully at the stop line to see around a corner if there's something in the way of your vision (examples: a car, a tree, a sign, etc.). These are essential tips for passing your road test since they span throughout the whole road test itself. Listening is a big